Heart disease isn’t just a concern for adults, it can also affect children. In Australia, heart disease is one of the leading causes of death and although most cases involve adults, heart issues in children are becoming an increasing concern. According to the Heart Foundation more than 1,200 Australian children are born with a congenital heart defect each year and thousands more live with acquired heart conditions. As parents, caregivers and educators, it’s essential to understand the importance of heart health in kids and take proactive steps to ensure they lead healthy active lives.
Common Heart Problems in Kids
Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs)
Congenital heart defects are present at birth and can range from mild to severe. They occur when the heart or blood vessels near the heart do not develop properly during pregnancy. Some common types include:
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Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): A hole in the wall separating the heart's upper chambers.
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Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): A hole in the wall separating the heart's lower chambers.
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Tetralogy of Fallot: A combination of four defects that cause oxygen-poor blood to flow out of the heart.
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Coarctation of the Aorta: A narrowing of the aorta which can lead to high blood pressure and heart failure if left untreated.
Acquired Heart Conditions
While congenital defects are present from birth, some heart conditions develop during childhood, often because of lifestyle or medical factors. Common acquired heart problems in kids include:
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Rheumatic Heart Disease: Caused by untreated strep throat infections, leading to inflammation of the heart valves.
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Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms that can disrupt normal heart function.
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Cardiomyopathy: A condition where the heart muscle becomes weakened, affecting its ability to pump blood effectively.
Risk Factors for Heart Disease in Kids
Heart disease in children often stems from lifestyle factors that affect cardiovascular health over time. Several risk factors can contribute to the development of heart disease in kids, including:
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Obesity
Childhood obesity has become a growing concern in Australia, with one in four children aged 5–17 considered overweight or obese. Excess weight puts a strain on the heart and increases the risk of high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes, conditions that increase the likelihood of heart disease later in life.
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Physical Inactivity
A sedentary lifestyle is a significant risk factor for heart disease. With children spending increasing amounts of time in front of screens it's important to encourage physical activity. Studies show that only one in five Australian children meet the recommended guidelines for physical activity (at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity per day).
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Poor Diet
Diet plays a vital role in heart health. A diet high in processed foods, sugar and unhealthy fats can increase the risk of developing heart disease in childhood and beyond. In contrast, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins and healthy fats supports optimal heart function.
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Family History
Genetics can also play a role in heart disease. Children with a family history of heart disease, particularly if a parent or sibling has had early-onset heart problems, may be at a higher risk of developing similar conditions.
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Smoking Exposure
Secondhand smoke is particularly harmful to children's heart health. Exposure to tobacco smoke can damage blood vessels, increase the risk of heart disease and stunt lung development. It is essential to ensure that children are not exposed to smoking environments.
Tips for Maintaining a Healthy Heart in Kids
As parents and caregivers there are many ways to promote good heart health in children. Here are some practical tips:
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Encourage Regular Physical Activity
Physical activity is key to a healthy heart. Encourage kids to engage in activities they enjoy, such as swimming, cycling, dancing or playing team sports. The goal is to make exercise a fun and regular part of their routine. Aim for at least 60 minutes of active play every day.
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Promote a Balanced Diet
A heart-healthy diet for kids includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins and healthy fats. Reduce processed snacks, sugary drinks and foods high in salt and saturated fat. Choose meals rich in omega-3 fatty acids which are known to support heart health (found in foods like fish, nuts and seeds).
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Limit Screen Time
Excessive screen time is linked to a sedentary lifestyle and can lead to weight gain and associated health problems. Set limits on screen time and encourage kids to spend more time being active outdoors.
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Support Mental and Emotional Well-Being
Emotional stress can also affect heart health. Foster a positive, supportive environment at home, encourage open communication and ensure that children have tools to manage stress in healthy ways, such as mindfulness, creative expression or physical activity.
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Monitor Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels
Regular check-ups are important for monitoring the early signs of heart disease. Many children’s heart problems, such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol can go unnoticed without routine check-ups. Speak with your doctor about regular health screening especially if your child has any risk factors.
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Limit Tobacco and Alcohol Exposure
Prevent your child from being exposed to secondhand smoke and educate them about the risks of smoking and alcohol use as they grow older.
Heart disease may seem like an adult issue, but it can affect children in ways we often overlook. By understanding the heart problems kids face, their risk factors and taking proactive steps to promote a healthy lifestyle we can help protect their heart health for years to come. Remember, the choices we make today for our children’s health will have a lasting impact on their future well-being.
Let’s raise awareness, take action and ensure our kids grow up with the knowledge and habits they need to lead healthy, heart-healthy lives.