What You Need to Know
Cervical cancer is a significant health issue that affects many women worldwide. Raising awareness about this disease is crucial for early detection and prevention. Let’s get to know the statistics, risks, preventative measures and treatment options.
Understanding Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer occurs when abnormal cells on the cervix grow uncontrollably. It often develops slowly over time and may not present symptoms until it’s in more advanced stages, making regular screenings vital.
Statistics in Australia
In Australia, approximately 950 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year and around 250 women die from this disease annually, although this number has been declining due to improved screening and vaccination. Australia’s National Cervical Screening Program has increased screening participation, contributing to early detection and treatment.
Risk Factors
Understanding the risk factors for cervical cancer can help you make informed decisions:
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV): The primary cause of cervical cancer, most sexually active individuals will contract HPV at some point in their lives.
- Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer.
- Conditions that weaken your immune system, such as HIV, can increase risk.
- Some studies suggest that prolonged use of oral contraceptives may increase risk.
- Multiple pregnancies can also increase the risk.
Signs And Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer may not show symptoms in its early stages, which is why regular screenings are crucial. However, as it progresses, some signs and symptoms can include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding: This can include bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause.
- Unusual discharge: Watery, pink, or foul-smelling discharge may occur.
- Pelvic pain: Persistent pain in the pelvic region that is not related to menstruation can be a sign.
- Pain during intercourse: Discomfort or pain during sex may indicate a problem.
- Urinary issues: Frequent urination or pain during urination can occur if the cancer spreads.
- Weight loss: Unexplained weight loss can be a symptom of various cancers, including cervical cancer.
- Fatigue: Extreme tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest can be a sign of cancer.
If you experience any of these symptoms, especially if they are new or persistent, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional.
Preventative Measures
Preventing cervical cancer involves a combination of vaccination, regular screenings and healthy lifestyle choices:
1. HPV Vaccination
HPV (also called human papillomavirus) is a common virus that is spread through sexual contact. HPV infection can be serious. It can cause cancers, including cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis and anus, and some head and neck cancers. Not all HPV infections lead to cancer.
Vaccination is a safe and effective way to protect you from HPV. If you're eligible, you can get the HPV vaccine for free under the National Immunisation Program.
Who should get vaccinated against HPV
The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing the strains of HPV most associated with cervical cancer. Anyone who wants to protect themselves against HPV can talk to their vaccination provider about getting vaccinated. The Australian Immunisation Handbook recommends HPV vaccination for specific groups including:
- Younger people aged 9 to 25
- People with significant immunocompromising conditions
- Men who have sex with men.
HPV vaccine is free under the National Immunisation Program for young people aged approximately 12 to 13. The vaccine is primarily provided through school immunisation programs. Adolescents who missed the HPV vaccination at 12 to 13 years of age can catch up for free up to the age of 26.
HPV vaccines should not be given to:
- People who have had anaphylaxis after a previous dose of any HPV vaccine or anaphylaxis after any component of an HPV vaccine
- People who have had anaphylaxis to yeast (for 9vhpv).
- HPV vaccines are not recommended for pregnant women. Breastfeeding woman can receive HPV vaccines.
Where to get vaccinated
- The vaccine is primarily delivered through school immunisation programs in Year 7.
- You can get your vaccine from your general practitioner or local Pharmacy who provides a vaccination service.
2. Regular Screening
Regular screenings are vital for early detection and prevention, a Cervical Screening Test every 5 years could save your life. If you are aged 25 to 74, have a cervix and have ever been sexually active, it is recommended that you have a Cervical Screening Test every five years, even if you have had the HPV vaccination.
The Cervical Screening Test is a quick and simple procedure that looks for the HPV infection. The test is performed by a doctor or nurse. You also have the option to collect your own sample for a Cervical Screening Test. This is called self-collection. Speak to your doctor if you are interested in this option.
In December 2017, the Cervical Screening Test replaced the Pap Test (sometimes called the 'Pap smear').
Why screening is important:
- More than 70% of cervical cancers occurred in women who have never been screened or are not up to date with their cervical screening.
- Regular cervical screening identifies women and people with a cervix who have HPV and are at an increased risk of developing cervical cancer. These women can be monitored and have further tests and treatment, if necessary.
- In the small number of cases where cervical cancer is detected, early diagnosis through screening greatly improves the chances of treatment being successful.
3. Healthy Lifestyle Choices
Making healthy lifestyle choices can significantly reduce the risk of cancer and promote overall well-being. Here are some effective tips:
- Practice safe sex: Using condoms can lower the risk of HPV transmission.
- Reducing the number of sexual partners can decrease your risk of HPV infection.
- Avoid smoking as it is linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer. Seek help to quit smoking from your local Pharmacy 4 Less. Our teams are trained to help you quit for good.
- Maintain a healthy immune system. Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, stay active with regular exercise and adequate sleep can help support your immune system.
Treatment Options
If diagnosed with cervical cancer, treatment will depend on the stage and individual health. Options include:
- Surgery: Removal of the cervix (trachelectomy) or the uterus (hysterectomy).
- Radiation Therapy: Targeted therapy to kill cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy: Drugs used to kill or stop the growth of cancer cells.
Regular check-ups and open communication with your doctor are key to effective prevention. If you have any questions or concerns about cervical cancer, don't hesitate to reach out for support. Visit your local Pharmacy 4 Less and speak to one of our friendly Pharmacists, they can provide valuable information about screenings, vaccinations and general health advice.
Together, we can raise awareness and reduce the impact of cervical cancer in our community. Stay informed, stay proactive and take charge of your health!